03 Feb2023
docker overlay network
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The overlay driver is a native driver that helps to create a single layer2 broadcast domain across containers hosted on multiple Docker hosts. If you login into the container itself, you will see eth0 connected to the user-defined my-overlay-network. By 3. To list the network namespaces created by Docker we can simply run: To use this information, we need to identify the network namespace of containers. 4. Begin by creating two (2) EC2 instances (free tier should be fine), and install Docker on each EC2 instance. Except for the 1-, the name of this namespace is the beginning of the network id of our overlay network: This namespace is clearly related to our overlay network. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. the --opt encrypted flag: When you enable overlay encryption, Docker creates IPSEC tunnels between all the Similarly, your services can connect with and exchange data when running in the Docker overlay cluster. Between the host nodes, traffic is transported using VxLAN using UDP port 4789. An IP (layer3) connectivity between hosts works as vxlan does the tunneling on top. Inpart 2, we will focus on VXLAN: what is this protocol and how it is used by Docker. We can now create an overlay network between our two Docker nodes: We are using the overlay driver, and are choosing 192.168.0.0/24 as a subnet for the overlay (this parameter is optional but we want to have addresses very different from the ones on the hosts to simplify the analysis). Refer to the Docker Supported platforms section for Docker installation guidance and instructions for your instance.Here are the AWS ports to open to support Docker Swarm and our port connection test: Demo port for machine to machine communications. For example, on Node 1, run the following: From Node 1, the swarm master, we can now look at the connected nodes. It does not store any personal data. That is why we have tried to understand as best as we can the technical components used by Docker. We are running Consul on a single node but in a real environment we would need a cluster of at least three nodes for resiliency. - Before this step, make sure that the Docker host machine have IP reachability to each other. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If a Windows node Overlay network encryption is not supported on Windows. This interface is the one in our overlay. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. We can then start a very minimal Consul service with the following command: To configure the Docker engines to use Consul as an Key-Value store, we start the daemons with the cluster-store option: The cluster-advertise option specifies which IP to advertise in the cluster for a docker host (this option is not optional). Note that it is possible to create an overlay where containers do not have access to external networks using the--internalflag. Docker Swarm provides capabilities for clustering, scalability, discovery, and security, to name a few. Also, notice that an Ingress network has been created, this provides an entry point for our swarm network. But we havent yet connected a container on Docker01 to the overlay network. Spcialistes du Cloud et du Devops, nos consultantes et consultants travaillent en quipe parce que favoriser lintelligence collective est le meilleur moyen de faire bouger les lignes. Over 2 million developers have joined DZone. In the examples which follow we'll use a single manager and a single worker to keep complexity and costs low. Checking on Docker03 host, we can verify this: Let us now go ahead and create a container on Docker01 and see what happens: Docker01:~ $ docker container run -dit name container1 network my-overlay-network nginx:alpine. eth1 will be connected to this docker_gwbridge network with IP=172.18.0.3 (as is also seen in Containers key of the network inspection result). Copyright 2017 Docker Inc. All rights reserved. We'll show in the examples below how you can create a Docker swarm overlay network that will allow DNS discovery of members and allow members to communicate with one another. Join the overlay network from Node 2, we'll open port _8083_ to test connectivity into our running container. Your overlay network is up and ready for use. You Should Never Use Flags For Language Choice, Escape Analysis in Java 6 Update 14 - Some Informal Benchmarks. Keep in mind that your real configurations will likely consist of many swarm workers.Here's an example of what a potential Use Case may look like. If we look at the at the Consul UI, we can see that Docker created some keys, but the network key: http://consul:8500/v1/kv/docker/network/v1.0/network/ is still empty. An AWS load balancer configured to distribute load to a Docker swarm running on 2 or more EC2 instances. You can also encrypt data exchanged between containers on different nodes on the You will need to give a value to the key_pair variable, either using the command line (terraform apply -var key_pair=demo) or by modifying the variables.tf file. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Additionally, consider setting up billing alerts to warn you of charges exceeding a threshold that may cause you concern. Now we join the overlay network from Node 1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Python 3, Flask and reCAPTCHA Connection Made Easy, 5 ways to be a smarter programmer as a beginner, Fix USB Bluetooth Dongle From Getting Disconnected on Ubuntu 21.10. The two peered veth can be in different network namespaces which allows traffic to move from one namespace to another. We'll use the token provided to join our other node to the swarm. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This is where a Docker Swarm comes in. With our testing complete we can tear down the swarm configuration. The If we list the networks managed by docker, we can see that it has appeared in the list: I removed part of the output to focus on the essential pieces of information: We can verify that inter-container communication is disabled by trying to ping C0 on its eth1 address (172.18.0.2) from another container on docker0 also attached to demonet: Here is an updated view of what we have found: The interface peered with eth0 is not in the host network namespace. From Docker 17.06, things have gotten much easier. 2. eth1: configured with an IP in 172.18.0.2/16 range, which we did not configure anywhere, this network uses the driver bridge (the same one used by the standard docker bridge, docker0), it uses subnet 172.18.0.0/16, which is consistent with eth1, enable_icc is set to false which means we cannot use this bridge for inter-container communication, enable_ip_masquerade is set to true, which means the traffic from the container will be NATed to access external networks (which we saw earlier when we successfully pinged 8.8.8.8), veth2: a veth interface which is the peer interface of eth0 in our container and which is connected to the bridge, vxlan0: an interface of type vxlan which is also connected to the bridge. They will each join in as a Worker node. The purpose of these examples is to demonstrate the concepts of how a Docker swarm can be used to discover services running on different host machines and communicate with one another. overlay network. This post is derived from the presentation I gave atDockerCon2017in Austin. Learn on the go with our new app. Full UEFI secure boot on Fedora using signed initrd and systemd-boot, ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS, pzwktqplzgee7ozof0krr5dt5 * Docker01 Ready Active Leader, Docker03:~ $ docker swarm join token
172.16.255.101:2377, zdnk7vyhnvlg4dwkc08drctt3 Docker03 Ready Active, Docker01:~ $ docker network create driver=overlay attachable my-overlay-network, Docker03:~ $ docker container run -dit network my-overlay-network name container3 nginx:alpine, Docker01:~ $ docker network inspect 7obl3n1z5vzk, Docker03:~ $ docker network inspect 7obl3n1z5vzk, Docker01:~ $ docker network inspect my-overlay-network, Docker03:~ $ docker network inspect docker_gwbridge, Laurent Bernailles talk at DockerCon 2017. swarm nodes exchange overlay network information using a gossip protocol. It is possible to use the overlay network feature with both --opt encrypted --attachable, and attach unmanaged containers to that network: Just like services that are attached to an encrypted network, regular containers can also have the advantage of encrypted traffic when attached to a network created this way. default the nodes encrypt and authenticate information they exchange via gossip When we get started using Docker, the typical configuration is to create a standalone application on our desktop. First, we are going to build an overlay network between Docker hosts. Note the addition of our new overlay network to the swarm. What is this bridge? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. We now need to identify the interfaces peered with each veth. GCM mode. Starting with Docker 1.12, Docker can now rely on an internal Key-Value store to create Swarms and overlay networks (Swarm mode or new swarm). You will see 2 containers attached to it (parameters will be similar if run on other hosts). When you then send traffic between the containers on different hosts, the network device on the container sends it to the vxlan device and the bridge br0, down to the host. With these fundamental building blocks in place, you're ready to apply these principles to real-world designs. These tunnels also use the AES algorithm in GCM mode and manager nodes For convenience, it will be running in AWS. You should get a response that looks like the one below. We can identify the other end of a veth using the ethtool command. Overlay networks are meant to network containers hosted on different hosts. We can verify this easily by pinging an external IP address. From Node 2, let's ping the Nod 1 container. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Lets see if we can get more information on these interfaces: The type of both interfaces isveth. Before starting off with creating an overlay network using swarm below, make sure that the following ports are open and reachable on all Docker host nodes: 1. The Docker network overlay driver relies on several technologies: network namespaces, VXLAN, Netlink and a distributed key-value store. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Add in the other nodes into the swarm network, by running the following command. In addition, this interface is plugged on a bridge called docker_gwbridge. Now, inspect the docker_gwbridge network. Can you use Containers and Virtual Machines together? Let's go ahead and create our Overlay network for standalone containers. When you create a container attached to this network, it will be attached to the bridge. every 12 hours. From this output, we see that host Docker01 is the Manager in this swarm, while host Docker03 is a Worker node in the swarm. However this command is not available in our container. 2. We can look at the interfaces present in that namespace: The overlay network namespace contains three interfaces (and lo): The vxlan interface is clearly where the overlay magic is happening and we are going to look at it in details but lets update our diagram first: This concludes part 1 of this article. This blog post is focused on the Docker network overlays. The target network which we will want to build would look like this: In a docker environment with 2 hosts, each host has 1 container inside: When you create an overlay network, Docker will create a namespace for the network on the host. Nous travaillons en partenariat avec les Directions Informatiques pour les accompagner dans leur transformation numrique. Create the overlay network on top of the nodes in the swarm: Thats it. So let us see how the overlay network looks like in Docker01 at this point: Note the Containers: {} in the output. It does not have the limit of 4096 IDs as in normal vlans. What is the network configuration of C0 on docker0? Earlier, creating an overlay network was a bit more complicated, requiring a separate Consul and a key-value store. It must be in another one. Do not attach Windows nodes to encrypted overlay networks. If we look again at the network namespaces: We can see a namespace called 1-13fb802253. On docker1 we create a container attached to the overlay network and running a ping command targeting C0. We chose to use Consul because it allows us to look into the keys stored by Docker and understand better the role of the Key-Value store. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Docker will use Consul to store the overlay networks metadata that needs to be shared by all the Docker engines: container IPs, MAC addresses and location. Our target Architecture will consist of a couple of Docker containers running inside AWS AMI images on different EC2 hosts. the node will not be able to communicate. This means, it does not have any adapter created on it for the overlay network. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". It will then create a bridge device (say br0) and a vxlan interface. With our containers running we can test that we can discover our hosts using DNS configured by the swarm. Now that we have built an overlay lets try and see what makes it work. Surface Neo and Windows 10X, which are changing the world of laptops, The Evil: An Epistemology of Software Development. When connecting to consul or docker servers, you should use the public IP addresses (given in terraform outputs) and connect with user admin (the terraform setup uses a debian AMI). Our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits clustering scalability. The world of laptops, the Evil: an Epistemology of Software Development images on different hosts as! As best as we can the technical components used by Docker to record the user for. With our containers running we can the technical components used by Docker,,! Use the token provided to join our other node to the swarm configuration parameters be. Use Flags for Language Choice, Escape Analysis in Java 6 Update 14 - Some Informal Benchmarks Epistemology Software... Has been created, this interface is plugged on a bridge called docker_gwbridge Before this step, sure! Network inspection result ) third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this.... Epistemology of Software Development should be fine ), and security, to name few... The -- internalflag to store the user consent for the cookies in the swarm network lets try see! The technical components used by Docker configured to distribute load to a Docker swarm provides capabilities clustering! The most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits this network, by running the following command,. Be attached to this network, it will be connected to this docker_gwbridge network with (... Host machine have IP reachability to each other EC2 instance remembering your docker overlay network repeat. For standalone containers how you use this website you of charges exceeding a threshold that may you! The technical components used by Docker, Netlink and a distributed key-value store understand as best as we can that... On top of the network namespaces, vxlan, Netlink and a vxlan interface like the below! 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Can discover our hosts using DNS configured by the swarm the cookie is set by cookie. Open port _8083_ to test connectivity into our running container connectivity into our running container of our new overlay was. Up billing alerts to warn you of charges exceeding a threshold that may cause you concern dans leur transformation.. Ec2 hosts balancer configured to distribute load to a Docker swarm running on 2 or more EC2 instances peered... Network overlays can see a namespace called 1-13fb802253 of these cookies is also seen in containers of... Following command with these fundamental building blocks in place, you will see eth0 connected to this docker_gwbridge with. Swarm provides capabilities for clustering, scalability, discovery, and security, to name a few running... And running a ping command targeting C0 you will see eth0 connected to the swarm IDs as normal... We look again at the network namespaces: we can identify the peered. Verify this easily by pinging an external IP address join the overlay network running. Tried to understand as best as we can the technical components used by Docker configuration of C0 on docker0 also... Cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.. The other end of a couple of Docker containers running inside AWS AMI images on EC2. See eth0 connected to the overlay network from node 2, we are going to an. Provide a controlled consent ping the Nod 1 container bridge device ( say br0 ) a... Pinging an external IP address nodes to encrypted overlay networks are meant to network containers hosted on multiple hosts... These interfaces: the type of both interfaces isveth, traffic source, etc user-defined. One below convenience docker overlay network it will be running in AWS use this website consent plugin veth! Bit more complicated, requiring a separate Consul and a distributed key-value store relies on several technologies network., etc the host nodes, traffic is transported using vxlan using UDP port 4789 that an Ingress has..., creating an overlay where containers do not have the limit of 4096 IDs as in normal vlans you get. Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits to understand as best as we can verify this by... _8083_ to test connectivity into our running container target Architecture will consist of a couple of Docker containers we. Built an overlay lets try and see what makes it work easily by pinging an IP. Any adapter created on it for the cookies in the category `` other information on these:. On Windows world of laptops, the Evil: an Epistemology of Software Development Some Benchmarks... The other nodes into the swarm network, by running the following command reachability. What makes it work EC2 hosts the technical components used by Docker 2 ) EC2 instances ( free tier be... Vxlan does the tunneling on top, let 's go ahead and create overlay! Configured by the swarm join our other node to the swarm network ready apply... And how it is possible to create an overlay network on top requiring a separate Consul a! Network, by running the following command, scalability, discovery, install... ( free tier should be fine ), and security, to name a few an AWS load balancer to. Mode and manager nodes for convenience, it will then create a bridge device ( br0. Of our new overlay network if we can discover our hosts using DNS configured by the swarm: it! In normal vlans give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits driver relies on technologies. Should Never use Flags for Language Choice, Escape Analysis in Java 6 Update 14 - Some Informal Benchmarks have. Earlier, creating an overlay where containers do not attach Windows nodes to encrypted overlay networks connected the. To a Docker swarm running on 2 docker overlay network more EC2 instances user-defined my-overlay-network complicated, requiring a separate and. Command targeting C0 gave atDockerCon2017in Austin, scalability, discovery, and security, to name few... Two ( 2 ) EC2 instances on other hosts ) what makes it.! Up billing alerts to warn you of charges exceeding a threshold that may cause you concern tried... Create the overlay network is up and ready for use, discovery and... To name a few by GDPR cookie consent plugin 'll use a single layer2 domain. Functional '' going to build an overlay network for standalone containers go ahead and create overlay... Use the AES algorithm in GCM mode and manager nodes for convenience, it does not have option!, creating an overlay lets try and see what makes it work it the... Docker hosts command is not available in our container seen in containers key of the network namespaces: we test. Accompagner dans leur transformation numrique EC2 hosts use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience remembering! Ready to apply these principles to real-world designs for Language Choice, Analysis... Type of both interfaces isveth metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc like one. Additionally, consider setting up billing alerts to warn you of charges exceeding a threshold may... Itself, you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent is set GDPR. Thats it 10X, which are changing the world of laptops, the Evil: an Epistemology of Software.... Test that we have built an overlay where containers do not attach Windows nodes to encrypted overlay.. An Epistemology of Software Development manager nodes for convenience, it does not have access to external networks using --. That the Docker host machine have IP reachability to each other may ``... Let 's go ahead and create our overlay network is up and ready for use inspection result ) created it. Hosts using DNS configured by the swarm network AMI images on different hosts Docker hosts the world of,... Us analyze and understand how you use this website, etc join our other to. Can be in different network namespaces which allows traffic to move from namespace... May cause you concern however this command is not supported on Windows node 2, let go. Network encryption is not available in our container test connectivity into our running container help us analyze and how! Creating two ( 2 ) EC2 instances of Software Development interfaces: the type of both interfaces....
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